Jeffrey Bergstrand

Jeffrey H. Bergstrand has been a Finance professor in the Mendoza College of Business for more than 25 years, as well as a fellow of Notre Dame’s Kellogg Institute for International Studies, and a Research Associate of CESifo, an international network of researchers based in Europe.  His research on international trade flows, free trade agreements, foreign direct investment, multinational firms, and exchange rates has been published in more than 50 articles in such journals as the American Economic Review and as chapters in books. Bergstrand also served as Co-Editor of the Review of International Economics from 1996-2003 and remains on its editorial board. He has been a visiting scholar at the European Commission in Brussels, the IFO Institute/University of Munich, ETH University in Zurich, and several other institutions. Bergstrand’s current research focuses on economic determinants of multinational firm behavior and foreign direct investment and on the causes and consequences of the growth of regional economic integration agreements.  He has also advised the European Commission on the effects of EU-U.S. nontariff barriers and of EU free trade agreements on their trade flows.

Areas of Expertise

International Trade and Regional Economic Integration

Foreign Direct Investment and Multinational Enterprises

Macroeconomics

U.S. Economy

Education

Ph D, University of Wisconsin - Madison

MA, University of Wisconsin - Madison

BA, Northwestern University

Publications

"Should TPP Be Formed? On the Potential Economic, Governance, and Conflict-Reducing Impacts of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement", East Asian Economic Review, 20, 2016.

"Economic Determinants of the Timing of Preferential Trade Agreement Formations and Enlargements", (with Peter Egger, Mario Larch), Economic Inquiry, 54, 2016.

"Economic Integration Agreements, Border Effects, and Distance Elasticities in the Gravity Equation", (with Mario Larch, Yoto Yotov), European Economic Review, 78, 2015.

"Economic Integration Agreements and the Margins of International Trade", (with Scott Baier, Michael Feng), Journal of International Economics, 93, 2014.

"Governance and Globalization", (with Koen Berden, Eva van Etten), The World Economy, 37, 2014.

"Economic Determinants of Free Trade Agreements Revisited: Distinguishing Sources of Interdependence", (with Scott Baier, Ronald Mariutto), Review of International Economics, 22, 2014.

"Shouldn''t Physical Capital Also Matter for Multinational Enterprise Acitivity?", (with Peter Egger), Review of International Economics, 21, 2013.

"Measuring the Effects of Endogenous Policies on Economic Integration", CESifo Economic Studies, 59, 2013.

"What Determines BITs?", (with Peter Egger), Journal of International Economics, 90, 2013.

"Gravity Redux: Estimation of Gravity-Equation Coefficients, Elasticities of Substitution, and General Equilibrium Comparative Statics under Asymmetric Bilateral Trade Costs", (with Peter Egger, Mario Larch), Journal of International Economics, 89, 2013.

"An Evaluation of Swiss Free Trade Agreements Using Matching Econometrics", (with Scott Baier), Aussenwirtschaft, 2010, 2010.

"The Growth of Regional Economic Integration Agreements and the Middle East", (with Scott Baier, Peter Egger), Region et Developpement, 29, 2009.

"Bonus Vetus OLS: A Simple Method for Approximating International Trade-Cost Effects Using the Gravity Equation", (with Scott Baier), Journal of International Economics, 77, 2009.

"Estimating the Effects of Free Trade Agreements on International Trade Flows Using Matching Econometrics", (with Scott Baier), Journal of International Economics, 77, 2009.

"Trade Costs", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, Second Edition, 2008.

"Do Economic Integration Agreements Actually Work? Issues in Understanding the Causes and Consequences of the Growth of Regionalism", (with Scott Baier, Peter Egger, Patrick McLaughlin), The World Economy, 31, 2008.

"A Knowledge-and-Physical-Capital Model of International Trade Flows, Foreign Direct Investment, and Multinational Enterprises", (with Peter Egger), Journal of International Economics, 73, 2007.

"Free Trade Agreements In the Americas: Are the Trade Effects Larger than Anticipated?", (with Scott Baier, Erika Vidal), The World Economy, 30, 2007.

"Do Free Trade Agreements Actually Increase Members'' International Trade?", (with Scott Baier), Journal of International Economics/ Elsevier, 71, 2007.

"The New Regionalism: Causes and Consequences", (with Scott Baier, Peter Egger), Economie Internationale, 2007.

"The New Regionalism: Causes and Consequences", (with Scott Baier, Peter Egger), Integration and Trade/Inter-American Development Bank, 2007.

"Trade Costs and Intra-Industry Trade", (with Peter Egger), Review of World Economics/Blackwell, 142, 2006.

"Economic Determinants of Free Trade Agreements", (with Scott Baier), Journal of International Economics/ Elsevier, 64, 2004.

"Government Expenditure and Equilibrium Real Exchange Rates", (with Ronald Balvers), Journal of International Money and Finance/Elsevier, 21, 2002.

"The Growth of World Trade: Tariffs, Transport Costs, and Income Similarity", (with Scott Baier), Journal of International Economics/Elsevier, 53, 2001.

Books

"Preliminary Examination of Heterogeneous Effects on International Trade of Economic Integration Agreements", (with Scott Baier, Matthew Clance), Cambridge University Press, January (1st Quarter/Winter) 2015

"Gravity Equations and Economic Frictions in the World Economy", (with Peter Egger), Palgrave Macmillan, 2011

"A General Equilibrium Theory for Estimating Gravity Equations of Bilateral FDI, Final Goods Trade, and Intermediate Goods Trade", (with Peter Egger), Cambridge University Press, 2010

"Approximating General Equilibrium Impacts of Trade Liberalizations Using the Gravity Equation: Applications to NAFTA and the European Economic Area", (with Scott Baier), Cambridge University Press, 2010

"Regional and Inter-Regional Trade Agreements: Examining Their Role for the Middle East", (with Scott Baier, Patrick McLaughlin), Globalization in the 21st Century, 2008

"The Sequencing of Regional Economic Integration: Issues in the Breadth and Depth of Economic Integration in the Americas", (with Antoni Estevadeordal, Simon Evenett, eds.), The World Economy, January (1st Quarter/Winter) 2008

"Going Global: 25 Keys to International Operations", Lebhar-Friedman, 1999

Presentations

New International Economic Order and East Asia, "Economic Integration Agreements and the New International Economic Order" (September 8, 2016).

International Economics and Finance Society/ASSA, "Heterogeneous Economic Integration Agreement Effects" (January 2016).

Southern Economics Association Annual Meetings, "Economic Integration Agreements, Border Effects, and Distance Elasticities in the Gravity Equation" (November 2014).

Empirical Investigations in Services Trade, "Services Trade and Economic Integration Agreements" (June 2014).

Estimation of Gravity Models of Bilateral Trade, "Economic Integration Agreements, Border Effects, and Distance Elasticities in the Gravity Equation" (May 2014).

ASSA Meetings, "Economic Integration Agreements, Border Effects, and Distance Elasticities in the Gravity Equation" (January 2014).

University of Missouri at Columbia, "Is the World Getting Smaller After All?" (September 2013).

Georgia Institute of Technology, "Economic Integration Agreements and the Margins of International Trade" (March 2013).

Empirical Issues in International Trade and Finance, "Understanding Globalization: The Role of the Gravity Equation in International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment After 50 Years" (January 2013).

Symposium on International Economics, "Economic Integration Agreements and the Margins of International Trade" (October 2012).

Asia-Pacific Trade Conference, "What Determines BITs?" (July 2012).

Empirical Investigations in International Trade Conference, "(Keynote Lecture) Economic Integration Agreements and the Margins of International Trade" (November 2011).

Globalization: Strategies and Effects, "Economic Integration Agreements and the Margins of International Trade" (November 2011).

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH University), "Economic Integration Agreements and the Margins of International Trade" (October 2011).

XII Conference on International Economics, "(Keynote Lecture) International Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Economic Integration Agreements" (June 2011).

Conference on Global Economy, "What Determines BITs?" (February 2011).

Conference on Measuring Economic Integration, "(Keynote Lecture) Measuring the Effects of Endogenous Policies on Economic Integration" (February 2011).

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH University), "What Determines BITs?" (October 2010).

University of Colorado at Boulder, "What Determines BITs?" (October 2010).

Chief Economist''s Seminar, Directorate General-Trade, "Ex-Post Assessment of the Trade Effects of EU FTAs" (September 2010).

Georgia Tech, "Gravity Redux: Structural Estimation of Gravity-Equation Coefficients, Elasticities of Substitution, and General Equilibrium Comparative Statics under Asymmetric Bilateral Trade Costs" (September 2010).

Conference on "Trade Costs", "The Growth of Bilateralism" (June 2010).

Chief Economist''s Seminar, Directorate General-Trade, "Measuring the Impact of Free Trade Agreements on Trade Flows Using Matching Econometrics" (April 2010).

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, "The Growth of Bilateralism" (April 2010).

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH University), "Economic Determinants of the Timing of Preferential Trade Agreement Formations and Enlargements" (November 3, 2009).

London School of Economics and Political Science, "Finding Vertical Multinational Enterprises" (October 28, 2009).

Oxford University, "Finding Vertical Multinational Enterprises" (October 27, 2009).

Drexel University, "Finding Vertical Multinational Enterprises" (October 14, 2009).

Conference on Trade Costs, "Gravity Redux: Structural Estimation of Gravity Equations, Elasticities of Substitution, and Economic Welfare Under Asymmetric Bilateral Trade Costs" (June 2009).

European Economics and Finance Society Annual Meeting, "The New Expats: Economic Determinants of Bilateral Expatriate, FDI, and International Trade Flows" (June 2009).

European Economics and Finance Society Annual Meeting, "Understanding Globalization: Economic Determinants of International Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Skilled Migration in a World with Multinational Enterprises" (June 2009).

University of Warsaw, "Gravity Redux: Structural Estimation of Gravity Equations, Elasticities of Substitution, and Economic Welfare Under Asymmetric Bilateral Trade Costs" (June 2009).

Conference on Empirical Determinants of Regionalism, "Economic Determinants of the Timing of Preferential Trade Agreement Formations and Enlargements" (May 2009).

Southern Economics Association Annual Meeting, "Shouldn''t Physical Capital Also Matter for Multinational Enterprise Activity and International Trade?" (November 2008).

Johns Hopkins University, "The Growth of FDI Relative to Trade: Measurement, Determinants, and Consequences of International Trade Flows in Intermediates" (October 2008).

University of Bayreuth, "The New Expats: Economic Determinants of Bilateral Expatriate, FDI, and International Trade Flows" (October 2008).

Conference on Regional Economic Relations, "The Growth of Regional Economic Integration Agreements and the Middle East" (June 2008).

Erasmus University, "The New Expats: Economic Determinants of Bilateral Expatriate, FDI, and International Trade Flows" (April 2008).

University of Innsbruck, "Gravity Redux: Structural Estimation of Gravity Equations, Elasticities of Substitution, and Economic Welfare Under Asymmetric Bilateral Trade Costs" (April 2008).

Allied Social Science Association, "Estimating the Effects of Free Trade Agreements on International Trade Flows Using Matching Econometrics" (January 2008).

Hesburgh Lecture, "World Trade vs. Protectionism" (November 15, 2007).

The Gravity Equation: New Perspectives on Distance in International Economics and Theory, Measurement, and Application of the Gravity Model, "Bonus Vetus OLS: A Simple Method for Approximating International Trade-Cost Effects Using the Gravity Equation" (October 18, 2007).

The Gravity Equation: New Perspectives on Distance in International Economics and Theory, Measurement, and Application of the Gravity Model, "Gravity Redux: Structural Estimation of Gravity Equations with Asymmetric Bilateral Trade Costs" (October 18, 2007).

European Trade Study Group, "Shouldn''t Physical Capital Also Matter in a World Economy with Multinational Enterprises?" (September 15, 2007).

Globalization in the 21st Century, "Regional and Inter-Regional Trade Agreements: Examining Their Role for the Middle East" (April 2007).

Southern Economics Association Annual Meetings, "Bonus Vetus OLS: A Simple Approach to Addressing the ''Border Puzzle'' and Other Gravity-Equation Issues" (November 2006).

Economics Department Seminar, Texas A&M University, "A Knowledge-and-Physical-Capital Model of International Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Multinational Enterprises: Developed Countries" (October 2006).

Hesburgh Lecture at Seattle University, "World Trade vs. Protectionism" (September 2006).

Keynote address at the conference, "Understanding the Latest Wave of Regionalism", "Causes and Consequences of the Growth of Regionalism" (July 2006).

Leverhulme Centre for Research on Globalization and Economic Policy, University of Nottingham, "Bonus Vetus OLS: A Simple Approach for Addressing the ''Border Puzzle'' and Other Gravity-Equation Issues" (April 2006).

Keynote address at conference, "The New Regionalism: Progress, Setbacks and Challenges", "The New Regionalism: Causes and Consequences" (February 2006).

Invited paper at the conference, "The Political Economy of Globalization", "Regionalism, Multilateralism, and Globalization" ( 2005).

U.S. International Trade Commission, Economic Research Department, "Do Free Trade Agreements Actually Increase Members'' International Trade?" ( 2005).

University of Munich, "Bonus Vetus OLS: A Simple OLS Approach for Addressing the ''Border Puzzle'' and Other Gravity-Equation Issues" ( 2005).

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Study Centers Consortium Meeting, "From Proliferating PTAs to APEC-Wide Liberalization: Is There a Way Forward?" ( 2004).

Empirical Investigations in International Trade annual conference, "A Knowledge-and-Physical-Capital Model of International Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Outsourcing: Part 1, Developed Countries" ( 2004).

European Commission, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG-ECFIN), "Trade Agreements and Trade Flows: Estimating the Effect of Free Trade Agreements on Trade Flows with an Application to an EU-GCC Free Trade Agreement" ( 2004).

International Society of New Institutional Economics, "Do Free Trade Agreements Actually Increase Members'' International Trade?" ( 2004).

Purdue University, Dept. of Economics, "A Knowledge-and-Physical-Capital Model of International Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Outsourcing: Part I, Developed Countries" ( 2004).

Syracuse University, Dept. of Economics, "A Knowledge-and-Physical-Capital Model of International Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Outsourcing: Part 1, Developed Countries" ( 2004).

Bryn Mawr College, "Do Free Trade Agreements Increase Members'' International Trade?" ( 2003).

Georgia Institute of Technology, "Endogenous Free Trade Agreements and the Gravity Equation" ( 2003).

American Economic Association annual meeting, "On the Endogeneity of International Trade Flows and Free Trade Agreements" ( 2002).

International Economics and Finance Society, "Comments on ''Geographic Concentration of U.S. Manufacturing Establishments''" ( 2002).

Midwest International Economics Conference, "On the Endogeneity of International Trade Flows and Free Trade Agreements" ( 2002).

American Economic Association annual meeting, New Orleans, "The Growth of World Trade and Outsourcing" ( 2001).

Austrian Institute for Economic Research in Vienna Conference, "The Growth of World Trade and Outsourcing" ( 2001).

Economics Department Seminar, West Virginia University, "On the Economic Determinants of Free Trade Agreements" ( 2001).

Inaugural Conference of Regional Integration Network in Punta del Este, Uruguay, "On the Economic Determinants of Free Trade Agreements" ( 2001).

Invited Lecture at the Austrian Institute of Economic Research in Vienna, "On the Economic Determinants of Free Trade Agreements" ( 2001).

Invited Lecture at the German Institute of Economic Research in Berlin, "On the Economic Determinants of Free Trade Agreements" ( 2001).

NBER Universities Research Conference on ''Labor in the Global Economy'', "Comments on ''The Impact of Outsourcing to China on Hong Kong''s Labor Market''" ( 2001).

European Trade Study Group Conference, University of Glasgow, "Is Bilateralism Good? On the Economics of Free Trade Agreements" ( 2000).

Midwest International Economics Conference, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, "Is Bilateralism Good? On the Economics of Free Trade Agreements" ( 2000).

Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, "Is Bilateralism Good? On the Economics of Free Trade Agreements" ( 2000).

American Economic Association annual meetings, New York City, "International Trade in Goods, Services and the Emerging Popularity of Regional Free Trade Agreements" ( 1999).

Multinational Finance Society annual meeting, Toronto, "Nontradable Goods, Nonseparable Utility, and Global Portfolio Diversification" ( 1999).

, "Public Investments, Taxes, and Economic Growth" ( 1999).

Sixth Empirical Investigations in International Trade Conference, Purdue University, "Comments on ''Decomposing the Growth of OECD Trade During 1970-1996''" ( 1999).

University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, "Government Expenditures and Equilibrium Real Exchange Rates" ( 1999).

World Services Congress, Atlanta, "International Trade in Services, Regional Free Trade Agreements, and the WTO" ( 1999).

American Economic Association annual meetings, Chicago, "The Growth and Regionalization of International Trade" ( 1998).

, "Comments presented on ''Estimating the Knowledge-Capital Model of the Multinational Enterprise''" ( 1998).

Joint conference of the Centre for Economic Policy Research and Lund University, in Lund, Sweden, "The Growth and Regionalization of International Trade" ( 1998).