Ingmar Björkman

Dean / Professor of International Business at Aalto University School of Business

Schools

  • Aalto University School of Business

Expertise

Links

Biography

Aalto University School of Business

Ingmar Björkman has been the Dean of the School of Business since January 1, 2012. In addition to his role as Dean, he teaches the 'Strategic Human Resource Management' course in the Executive MBA program and co-teaches the bachelor's level course 'Introduction to Business.'.

Ingmar Björkman (born 1959, raised in Norway) received his PhD from the Hanken School of Economics (Finland) after having done parts of his studies at Stanford University. Prior to joining Aalto University he was Professor of Managment and Organization at the Hanken School of Economics, where he served as Dean of Research and Internationalization during 2005-2007 and Head of the Department of Management and Organization from 1998 to 2011. Having taught at a number of business schools in Europe and Asia, Björkman has received teaching awards from Hanken School of Economics, Fudan University (Shanghai), and INSEAD (Singapore). Ingmar Björkman´s main research area is International Management, with a particular focus on people management issues in multinational corporations.

Publications

Monographs

(1) Björkman, I. (1986): Finländska företags beslut om direktinvesteringar utomlands: En studie av fyra beslutsprocesser. (Foreign direct investment decisions made by Finnish firms: A study of four decision making processes). Unpublished licentiate thesis. Helsinki: Hanken School of Economics. 192 pp.

(2) ____ (1989): Foreign direct investments: An empirical study of decision making in seven Finnish firms. Helsinki: Hanken School of Economics. Ekonomi och Samhälle nr 42. (PhD thesis). 188 pp.

(3) ____ (1990): Internationellt företagande. (International management). Helsinki: Hanken School of Economics. 345 pp.

(4) ____ and Lindell, P. (1994) Doing business in China. Helsinki. Report to the Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry. 81 pp.

(5) ____ and Forsgren, M., editors (1997): The nature of the international firm - Nordic contributions to international business research. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press.

(6) ____, Lasserre, P. and Ching, P.-S. (1997): Developing local managers and professionals in China. Hong Kong: Financial Times. 64 pp.

(7) Stahl, G. and Björkman, I., editors (2006): Handbook of research in international resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing. 581 pp.

(8) Evans, P., Pucik, V. and Björkman, I. (2011): The Global Challenge: International Human Resource Management. Second edition. McGraw-Hill. 699 pp.

(9) Stahl, G., Björkman, I. and Morris, S., editors (2012): Handbook of Research in International Human Resource Management. Second edition. Edward Elgar Publishing. 593 pp.

(10) Pucik, V., Evans, P., Björkman, I., and Morris, S. (2017): The Global Challenge: International Human Resource Management. Third edition. Chicago Business Press.

Articles in refereed academic journals

(1) Björkman, I. (1989): Factors influencing processes of radical change in organizational belief systems. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 5: 251-271.

(2) ____ (1990): Foreign direct investments: An organizational learning perspective. The Finnish Journal of Business Economics, 39: 271-294.

(3) ____ and Blichner, L. (1990): Managerial succession and strategic change. Administrative Studies, 9: 23-31.

(4) ____ and Karjalainen, P. (1990): Critical issues in Sino-foreign Joint Ventures. The Finnish Journal of Business Economics, 39: 3-15.

(5) ____ and Lindqvist, M. (1991): Foreign subsidiary control in Finnish firms - A comparison with Hanken practice. The Finnish Journal of Business Economics, 40: 111-127.

(6) ____ and Gertsen, M. (1993): Selecting and Training Scandinavian Expatriates: Determinants of Corporate Practice. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 9: 145-164.

(7) ____ (1994): Managing Swedish and Finnish Multinational Companies: The role of the board of directors in French and Norwegian subsidiaries. International Business Review, 5: 47-69.

(8) ____ and Schaap, A. (1994): Outsiders in the Middle Kingdom: Expatriate managers in Sino-Western joint ventures. European Management Journal, 12: 147-153.

(9) ____ and Schaap, A. (1994): Human Resource Management Practices in Sino-Western Joint Ventures. The Finnish Journal of Business Economics, 43: 111-125.

(10) ____ (1995): The board of directors in Sino-Western joint ventures. Corporate Governance, 3: 156-166.

(11) ____ and Kock, S. (1995): Social relationships and business networks: the case of Western companies in China. International Business Review, 4: 519-535.

(12) ____ and Eklund, M. (1996): The sequence of operational modes used by Finnish investors in Germany, International Journal of Marketing. 4: 33-55.

(13) ____ and Kock, S. (1997): Inward internationalization of service firms. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 8: 362-376.

(14) Lu, Y. and Björkman, I. (1997b): MNC standardisation versus localisation: MNC practices in China-Western joint ventures. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 8: 614-628.

(15) Björkman, I. and Osland, G.E. (1998): Multinational corporations in China: Responding to host government pressures. Long Range Planning, 31: 102-111.

(16) Lu, Y. and Björkman, I. (1998): Human resource management in international joint ventures in China. Journal of General Management, 23(4): 63-79.

(17) Osland, G.E. and Björkman, I. (1998): MNC - host government interaction: Government pressures on MNCs in China. European Management Journal, 16: 91-100.

(18) Björkman, I. and Ehrnrooth, M. (1999): HRM in Western subsidiaries in Russia and Poland. Journal of East-West Business. 5(3): 63-79.

(19) ____ and Lu, Y. (1999a): A corporate perspective on the management of human resources in China. Journal of World Business, 34: 16-25.

(20) ____ and Lu, Y. (1999b): The management of human resources in Chinese-Western joint ventures. Journal of World Business, 34: 306-324.

(21) Fey, C., Engström, P. and Björkman, I. (1999): Effective Human Resource Management Practices in Russia. Organizational Dynamics, (Autumn): 69-80.

(22) Björkman, I. and Forsgren, M. (2000): Nordic international business research: A review of its development. International Studies of Management and Organization, 30(1): 6-26.

(23) ____ and Furu, P. (2000): Determinants of variable pay for top managers of foreign subsidiaries in Finland. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30: 698-713.

(24) Fey, C., Björkman, I. and Pavlovskaya, A. (2000): The effect of human resource management practices on firm performance in Russia. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11: 1-18.

(25) Delios, A. and Björkman, I. (2000): Expatriate staffing in subsidiaries of Japanese MNEs. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11: 278-291.

(26) Fey, C. and Björkman, I. (2001): The effect of human resource management practices on MNC subsidiary performance in Russia. Journal of International Business Studies, 32: 55-71.

(27) Björkman, I. and Lu, Y. (2001): Institutionalization and bargaining power explanations of human resource management practices in international joint ventures – the case of Chinese-Western joint ventures. Organization Studies, 22: 491-512.

(28) ____ and Fan, X. (2002): Human resource management and the performance of Western firms in China. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13: 853-864.

(29) Björkman, I. (2002): The diffusion of Western-style Human Resource Management practices among Chinese firms: The role of Western multinational corporations. Asia-Pacific Business Review, 9(2): 43-60.

(30) Vaara, E., Björkman, I. and Tienari, J. (2003): Knowledge transfer around ‘best practices’: A sensemaking perspective. Nordic Organization Studies/Nordiske Organisasjonsstudier, 5: 37-57.

(31) Tienari, J., Vaara, E. and Björkman, I. (2003): Global Capitalism Meets National Spirit: Discourses in Media Texts on a Cross-Border Acquisition. Journal of Management Inquiry, 12: 377-293.

(32) Minbaeva, D., Pedersen, T., Björkman, I., Fey, C. and Park, H.J. (2003): MNC Knowledge Transfer, Subsidiary Absorptive Capacity and HRM. Journal of International Business Studies, 34: 586-599.

(33) Park, H.J., Mitsuhashi, H., Fey, C., and Björkman, I. (2003): The effect of human resource management practices on Japanese MNC subsidiary performance: A partial mediating model. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14: 1391-1406.

(34) Björkman, I., Barner-Rasmussen, W. and Li Li (2004): Managing knowledge transfer in MNCs: The impact of headquarters control mechanisms. Journal of International Business Studies, 35: 443-455.

(35) Holopainen, J. and Björkman, I. (2005): The Personal Characteristics of the Successful Expatriate: A Critical Review of the Literature and an Empirical Investigation. Personnel Review, 34: 37-50.

(36) Andersson, U., Björkman, I. and Forsgren, M. (2005): Managing Subsidiary Knowledge Creation: The Effect of Headquarters Control Mechanisms on Subsidiary External Network Embeddedness. International Business Review, 14: 521-538.

(37) Barner-Rasmussen, W. and Björkman, I. (2005): Surmounting Interunit Barriers: Factors associated with interunit communication intensity in the multinational corporation. International Studies of Management and Organization, 35(1): 28-46.

(38) Björkman, I. and Söderberg, A.-M. (2006): The Roles Played by the HR Function in Large-Scale Mergers and Acquisitions: The Case of Nordea. Personnel Review, 35: 654-670.

(39) Xiao, Z. and Björkman, I. (2006): Measuring High Commitment Work System in Chinese Organizations. Management and Organization Review, 2: 403-422.

(40) Li L., Barner-Rasmussen, W. and Björkman, I. (2007): What Difference does the Location Make? A social capital perspective on transfer of knowledge from MNC subsidiaries located in China and Finland. Asia-Pacific Business Review, 13(2): 1-17.

(41) Barner-Rasmussen, W. and Björkman, I. (2007): Language Matters! Language Fluency, Socialization Mechanisms and their Relationship to Interunit Trustworthiness and Shared Vision. Management and Organization Review, 3: 105-128.

(42) Björkman, I., Fey, C. and Park, H.J. (2007): Explaining MNC Subsidiary HRM Practices: Evidence from a Three-Country Study. Journal of International Business Studies, 38: 430-446.

(43) Björkman, I. and Björk, B.-C. (2007): Estimating the research impact of Finnish business studies professors. The Finnish Journal of Business Economics. Vol. 56: 77-83.

(44) Björkman, I., Stahl, G. and Vaara, E. (2007): Cultural Differences and Capability Transfer in Cross-Border Acquisitions: The Mediating Roles of Capability Complementarity, Absorptive Capacity, and Social Integration. Journal of International Business Studies, 38: 658-672.

(45) Björkman, I. and Lervik, J.-E. (2007): Transferring HRM practices within multinational corporations. Human Resource Management Journal, 17: 320-335.

(46) Barner-Rasmussen, W., Piekkari, R. and Björkman, I. (2007): Mobility of Headquarters in Multinational Corporations. European Journal of International Management, 1: 260-274.

(47) Björkman, I. and Budhwar, P. (2007): When in Rome…? Human Resource Management and the performance of foreign firms operating in India. Employee Relations. 29: 595-610.

(48) Björkman, I., Smale. A., Sumelius, J., Suutari, V. and Lu, Y. (2008): Changes in institutional context and MNC operations in China: Subsidiary HRM practices in 1996 versus 2006. International Business Review, 17: 146-158.

(49) Björkman, I., Budhwar, P., Smale, A. and Sumelius, J. (2008): Human resource management in foreign-owned subsidiaries: China versus India. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19: 966-980.

(50) Sumelius, J., Björkman, I. and Smale, A. (2008): The influence of internal and external social networks on HRM capabilities in MNC subsidiaries in China. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19: 2294-2310.

(51) Fey, C., Morgoulis-Jakoushev, S., Park, H.J. and Björkman, I. (2009): Opening up the black box of the relationship between HRM practices and firm performance: A comparison of USA, Finland and Russia. Journal of International Business Studies, 40: 690-712.

(52) Mäkelä, K., Björkman, I. and Ehrnrooth, M. (2009): MNC subsidiary staffing architecture: Building human and social capital within the organization. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20: 1273-1290.

(53) Sumelius, J., Björkman, I. and Smale, A. (2009): The strategic role of HR in MNC subsidiaries in China between 1999 and 2006. Chinese Management Studies, 3: 205-312.

(54) Mäkelä, K., Björkman, I., and Ehrnrooth, M. (2010): How do MNCs establish their talent pools? Influences on individuals' likelihood of being labeled as talent. Journal of World Business, 45: 134-142.

(55) Björkman, I. and Smale, A. (2010): La gestión global del talento: Retos y Soluciones (‘Global talent management: Challenges and solutions’). Universia Business Review, 27: 30-43.

(56) Björkman, I., Barner-Rasmussen, W. and Vaara, E. (2010): Towards Crossvergence, Micro-Level Analyses and Critical Perspectives. Scandinavian Journal of Management. 26: 417-420.

(57) Björkman, I., Ehrnrooth, M., Smale, A., and John, S. (2011): The Determinants of Line Management Internalisation of HRM Practices in MNC Subsidiaries. International Journal of Human Resource Management. 22: 1654–1671.

(58) Vaara, E., Sarala, R., Stahl, G. and Björkman, I. (2012): The Impact of National and Organizational Cultural Differences on Post-Acquisition Integration Outcomes. Journal of Management Studies. 49: 1-27.

(59) Stahl, G., Björkman, I., Farndale, E., Morris, S., Paauwe, J., Stiles, P., Trevor, J. and Wright, P. (2012): Six Principles of Global Talent Management. MIT Sloan Management Review. 53 (Winter): 25-32.

(60) Smale, A. Björkman, I. and Sumelius, J. (2012): HRM Integration Mechanism Usage in MNC Subsidiaries in China. Personnel Review. 41: 180-199.

(61) Ehrnrooth, M. and Björkman, I. (2012): The HRM process, employee performance and workload: A study of the mechanisms of HRM’s influence. Journal of Management Studies, 49: 1109-1135.

(62) Smale, A. Björkman, I. and Sumelius, J. (2013): HRM Integration Mechanisms in MNCs: European Subsidiaries in China. Journal of World Business, 48: 232-240.

(63) Björkman, I., Ehrnrooth, M., Mäkelä. K., Smale, A. and Sumelius, J. (2013): Talent or Not? Employee Reactions to Talent Identification. Human Resource Management, 52: 195-214.

(64) Mäkelä, K., Björkman, I., Ehrnrooth, M., Smale, A., and Sumelius, J. (2013): Serving Many Masters: The Evaluation of HRM Capabilities within the MNC. Journal of International Business Studies, 44: 813-832.

(65) Björkman, I. and Mäkelä, K. (2013): Are You Willing to Do What it Takes to Become a Senior Global Leader? Explaining Willingness to Undertake Challenging Leadership Development Activities. European Journal of International Management, 7: 570-582.

(66) Minbaeva, D., Pedersen, T., Björkman, I. and Fey, C. (2014): A Retrospective: MNC Knowledge Transfer, Subsidiary Absorptive Capacity and HRM. Journal of International Business Studies, 45: 52-62.

(67) Björkman, I., Ehrnrooth, M., Mäkelä. K., Smale, A. and Sumelius, J. (2014): From HRM practices to the practice of HRM: Setting a research agenda. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 1: 122-140.

(68) Björkman, I. and Welch, D. (2015): Framing the Field of International Human Resource Management Research. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26: 136-150.

(69) Sumelius, J., Björkman, I., Ehrnrooth, M., Mäkelä. K., and Smale, A.(2014): Influences on Employee Perceptions of Performance Appraisal Process Features in MNC subsidiaries. Human Resource Management, 53: 569-592.

(70) Welch, D. and Björkman I. (2015): The Place of International Human Resource Management in International Business. Management International Review, 55: 303-322.

(71) Ahlvik, C. and Björkman, I. (2015): Towards Explaining Subsidiary Implementation, Integration, and Internalization of MNC Headquarters HRM Practices. International Business Review, 24: 497-505.

(72) Smale, A., Björkman, I., Ehrnrooth, M., Mäkelä, K., and Sumelius, J. (2015): Organizational Identification in MNC subsidiaries: A multi-level study. Journal of International Business Studies, 46: 761-783.

(73) John, S. and Björkman, I. (2015): In the eyes of the beholder: The HRM capabilities of the HR function as perceived by managers and professionals. Human Resource Management Journal, 25: 424-452.

(74) Morris, S., Snell, S. and Björkman, I. (2016): Toward an Architectural Framework for Human Capital within the Global Context. Journal of International Business Studies, 47: 723-747.

Book chapters

(1) Björkman, I. (1990): Hur förklara företags direktinvesteringar i producerande enheter utomlands' (How to explain foreign direct investments in manufacturing units'). In: Studia Contemporanea Economica. Helsinki: Hanken School of Economics: 69-73.

(2) ____ (1994) Role perception and behavior among Chinese managers in Sino-Western joint ventures. In: Sally Stewart (ed.): Advances in Chinese Industrial Studies. Vol. 4. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press. An earlier verion was published in: Jin Xuqiang, editor (1993): The guide to entering into foreign office and foreign funded enterprises.

(3) ____ (1996): Market entry and development in China: the experience of companies selling industrial goods and projects. In Child, J. and Lu, Y., editors: Management Issues for China: Volume II. International Enterprises. London: Routledge: 66-85.

(4) ____ (1996): Using different theoretical perspectives to study MNC adaptation to the local environment: The case of HRM practices in China. In Repo, A., Eriksson, P. & Hunt, J.G. (eds.): Global perspectives on processual research on management and organization. Tempere: University of Tampere, Series C, no. 6.

(5) ____ (1997): Towards explaining human resource management practices in international joint ventures - the case of Chinese-Western joint ventures. In I. Björkman and Forsgren, M., editors: The nature of the international firm - Nordic contributions to international business research. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press: 337-361.

(6) ____ (1997): Asien - underutvecklad region eller ekonomiskt vidunder' (Asia - underdeveloped region or economic miracle') In J. Kivistö (ed.): Aasian aika. Helsinki: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: 55-58.

(7) ____ and Forsgren, M. (1997): Nordic contributions to international business research. In I. Björkman and Forsgren, M. (eds.): The nature of the international firm - Nordic contributions to international business research. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press: 11-29.

(8) ____ and Lu, Y. (1997): HRM practices in foreign investment enterprises in China: What has been learnt' In: Anne Carver & Sally Stewart, editors: Advances in Chinese Industrial Studies. Vol. 5. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press: 155-172.

(9) Lu, Y. and Björkman, I (1997a).: International joint venture decision-making. In P. Beamish and P. Killing (eds.): Cooperative strategies: Asia-Pacific perspectives. San Francisco, CA: The New Lexington Press: 3-21.

(10) Björkman, I. (1998): To match or not to match with the environment, that's the question: The management of human resource management in Western companies in China. In H. Tikkanen (ed.): Marketing and international business ' Essays in honour of professor Karin Holstius on her 65th birthday. Turku: Turku School of Economics: 45-62.

(11) ____ (1998): Motives for entering EUREKA projects. In G. Sevón and K. Kreiner (eds.): Constructing R & D collaboration. Copenhagen Business School Press: 27-43.

(12) Lindell, M. and Björkman, I. (1998): The formation of international collaborative R & D ventures. In G. Sevón and K. Kreiner (eds.): Constructing R & D collaboration. Copenhagen Business School Press: 45-64.

(13) Björkman, I. (1999): On economic and decision process oriented perspectives to analyzing foreign direct investment decisions. In U. Lehtinen & H. Seristö (eds.): Perspectives on Internationalization. Helsinki: Helsinki School of Economics: 31-45.

(14) Lindholm, N., Tahvanainen, M. and Björkman, I. (1999): Performance appraisal of host country employees: Western MNCs in China. In C. Brewster and H. Harris (eds.): International HRM: Contemporary issues in Europe. London: Routledge: 143-159.

(15) Björkman, I. and Lu, Y. (2000): Local or global' Human resource management in international joint ventures in China. In M. Warner (ed.): Changing workplace relations in the Chinese economy. London: Macmillan: 117-138.

(16) Holopainen, J. and Björkman, I. (2002): The personality of the successful expatriate: A critical review of the literature and an empirical investigation. In Larimo, J. (ed.): Current European Research in International Business. Vaasa: Vaasan Yliopiston Julkaisuja: 284-300.

(17) Andersson, U., Björkman, I. and Furu, P. (2002): Subsidiary absorptive capacity, MNC headquarters' control strategies and transfer of subsidiary competencies. In Haagedorn, J. & Lundan, S. (eds.): Network Knowledge in International Business. Edward Elgar: 115-136.

(18) Björkman, I. and Söderberg, A.-M. (2003): Quo vadis, HR' An analysis of the roles played by the HR function during the post-merger process. In Söderberg, A.-M. and Vaara, E. (eds.) Socio-cultural perspectives on post-merger integration. Copenhagen Business School Press: 177-202.

(19) Björkman, I., Tienari, J. and Vaara, E. (2003): Trapped in the past or making use of experience' On learning in post-merger integration. In Söderberg, A.-M. and Vaara, E. (eds.) Socio-cultural perspectives on post-merger integration. Copenhagen Business School Press: 203-228.

(20) Söderberg, A.-M. and Björkman, I. (2003): From words to action' Socio-cultural integration initiatives in a cross-border merger. In Söderberg, A.-M. and Vaara, E. (eds.) Socio-cultural perspectives on post-merger integration. Copenhagen Business School Press: 139-175.

(21) Vaara, E., Tienari, J. and Björkman, I. (2003): Best practice is west practice' A sensemaking perspective on knowledge transfer. In Söderberg, A.-M. and Vaara, E. (eds.) Socio-cultural perspectives on post-merger integration. Copenhagen Business School Press: 111-138.

(22) Barner-Rasmussen, W. and Björkman, I. (2003): Pendulum swings: The evolution of Wärtsilä Diesel into a global corporation. In: Mannio, P., Vaara, E. and Ylä-Anttila, P. (eds.) Our Path Abroad: Exploring post-war internationalization of Finnish corporations. Helsinki: Taloustieto: 255-270.

(23) Barner-Rasmussen, W., Björkman, I., and Vaara, E. (2003): The limits of learning in stepwise international industrial restructuring: Case Sanitec. In Mannio, P., Vaara, E. and Ylä-Anttila, P. (eds.): Our Path Abroad: Exploring post-war internationalization of Finnish corporations. Helsinki: Taloustieto: 199-214.

(24) Björkman, I., Tienari, J. and Vaara, E. (2005): A learning perspective on socio-cultural integration in cross-national mergers. In Mendenhall, M. and Stahl, G. (eds.): Socio-cultural integration of mergers and acquisitions. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press: 155-175.

(25) Björkman, I. (2006): International Human Resource Management Research and Institutional Theory. In Stahl, G. and Björkman, I. (eds.): Handbook of research in international resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing: 463-474.

(26) Björkman, I. and Stahl, G. (2006): International Human Resource Management Research: An Introduction to the Field. In Stahl, G. and Björkman, I., editors: Handbook of research in international resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing: 1-11.

(27) Barner-Rasmussen, W. and Björkman, I. (2007): Social capital and knowledge transfer between subsidiaries of foreign MNCs and local organizations: Comparing the cases of China and Finland. In Clegg, S., Wang, K. and Berrell, M., editors: Business networks and strategic alliances in China. Edward Elgar: 77-98.

(28) Fey, C. and Björkman, I. (2007): The effect of human resource management practices on MNC subsidiary performance in Russia. In Domsch, M.E. and Likhokover, T., editor: HRM in Russia. Ashgate: 307-330.

(29) Björkman, I. (2007): International Human Resource Management. In Clegg, S. and Bailey, J.R., editors: International Encyclopedia of Organization Studies. Sage: 704-708.

(30) Mäkelä, K. Barner-Rasmussen, W. & Björkman, I. (2008): Drivers of Interpersonal and Inter-Unit Trust in Multinational Corporations. In Feldman, M. P. and Santangelo, G. D. (eds.): New Perspectives in International Business Research, Volume 3. Binley, UK: Emerald: 59-80.

(31) Budhwar, P., Björkman, I. and Singh, V. (2009): Emerging HRM systems of foreign firms operating in India. In Budhwar, P. and Bhatnagar, J. (eds.): The Changing Face of People Management in India. London: Routledge: 115-134.

(32) Björkman, I., Barner-Rasmussen, W., Ehrnrooth, M. and Mäkelä, K. (2009): Performance Management across Borders. In Sparrow, P. (ed.): Blackwell Handbook of International HR Research: Integrating People, Process and Context. London: Blackwell: 229-249.

(33) Evans, P., Smale, A., Björkman, I. and Pucik, V. (2010): Leadership Development in Multinational Corporations. In Storey, J.: Leadership in Organizations: Current Issues and Key Trends. Routledge, 2nd edition: 207-222.

(34) Björkman, I., Pucik, V. and Evans, P. (2011): Managing knowledge in multinational firms. In Harzing, A.-W. and Pinnington, A. (eds.) International Human Resource Management. Sage. 3rd edition: 345-376.

(35) Pucik, V., Björkman, I., Evans, P. and Stahl, G. (2011): Human Resource Management in Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions. In Harzing, A.-W. and Pinnington, A. (eds.) International Human Resource Management. Sage, 3rd edition: 119-152.

(36) Evans, P., Pucik, V. and Björkman, I. (2011): Putting the Challenges of International Human Resource Management into Perspective. In Mendenhall, M., Oddou, G., and Stahl, G.: Readings and Cases in International Human Resource Management. Routledge, 5th edition.

(37) Pucik, V., Evans, P., and Björkman, I. (2011): Human Resource Management Issues in International Mergers and Acquisitions. In Mendenhall, M., Oddou, G., and Stahl, G.: Readings and Cases in International Human Resource Management. Routledge, 5th edition.

(38) Björkman, I., Stahl, G., and Morris, S. (2012): Introduction. In Stahl, G. and Björkman, I., editors: Handbook of Research in International Human Resource Management. Second Edition. Edward Elgar Publishing: 1-12.

(39) Björkman, I. and Gooderham, P. (2012): International Human Resource Management Research and Institutional Theory. In Stahl, G., Björkman, I., and Morris, S. (eds.): Handbook of Research in International Resource Management. Second edition. Edward Elgar Publishing: 472-488.

(40) Björkman, I. (2013): Personalledning i internationella organisationer: Aalto-universitets handelshögskola som exempel. In Sphinx Årsbok 2012-13. Helsingfors: Finska Vetenskaps-Societeten.

(41) Björkman, I, (2014): Aalto-universitet: Tvärvetenskaplighet och samverkan. In Erikson, M.G., Johannisson, J. and Sundeen, J. (eds.): Vetenskap på tvären: Akademiska värden, friheter och gränser. Borås: Borås skriftserie Vetenskap för profession.

(42) Björkman, I., Pucik, V., Evans, P., and Minbaeva, D. (2014): Managing knowledge in multinational firms. In Harzing, A.-W. and Pinnington, A. (eds.): International Human Resource Management. Sage. 4th edition, 291-324.

(43) Pucik, V., Björkman, I., Evans, P. and Stahl, G. (2014): Human Resource Management in Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions. In Harzing, A.-W. and Pinnington, A. (eds.) International Human Resource Management. Sage, 4th edition, 251-287.

  (44) Teerikangas, S., Stahl, G., Björkman, I. and Mendenhall, M. (2014): IHRM issues in Mergers & Acquisitions. In Collins, D.G, Wood, G. and Caligiuri, P. (eds.): Companion to International Human Resource Management. Routledge, 423-456.

  (45) Evans, P., Smale, A., Björkman, I. and Pucik, V. (2016): Leadership Challenges and Dilemmas in Multinational Corporations. In Storey, J. (ed.): Leadership in Organizations: Current Issues and Key Trends. Routledge, 3rd edition, 227-245.

  (46) Björkman, I., Ehrnrooth, M., Mäkelä, K., Smale, A. and Sumelius, J. (2017): Talent Management in Multinational Corporations. In Cascio, W., Collings, D. and Mellahi, K. (eds.): Oxford Handbook of Talent Management, 461-477. Oxford University Press.

Cases for teaching purposes

(1) Björkman, I. (1999): Wärtsilä in China (A & B). INSEAD-EAC.

(2) ____ and Galunic, C. (1999): Lincoln Electric in China. INSEAD. Reprinted in Schuler, R. and Briscoe, D. (2004): International Human Resource Management. Routledge.

(3) ____ and Ming Zeng (1999): Guangdong Electronics. INSEAD-EAC.

(4) ____ and Vaara, E. (2003): Nordea Markets: Building a Nordic bank. European Case Clearing House.

(5) ____ (2004): Peter Hanson: Building a world-class product development center for Hi Tech Systems in China. In Dowling, P. and Welch, D.: International HRM: 281-288. London: Thomson.

(6) Smale, A. and Björkman, I. (2011): Finland: Implementing a Global Diversity Management Initiative in Finland. In Hayton, J.C., Biron, M., Castro Christiansen, L., and Kuvaas, B., editors: Global Human Resource Management Casebook: 72-84. New York: Routledge.

(7) Smale, I., Björkman, I. and Saarinen, J. (2015): Pushing the Right Buttons: Global Talent Management at KONE Corporation. The Case House: No. 415-111-1.

Peer-reviewed scientific articles

Journal article-refereed, Original research

An architectural framework for global talent management

Morris, Shad; Snell, Scott; Björkman, Ingmar
2016 in JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES (Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.)
ISSN: 0047-2506

Towards explaining subsidiary implementation, integration, and internalization of MNC headquarters HRM practices

Ahlvik, Catharina; Björkman, Ingmar
2015 in INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS REVIEW (Elsevier Science B.V.)
ISSN: 0969-5931

Framing the field of international human resource management research

Björkman, Ingmar; Welch, Denice
2015 in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (Routledge (Taylor & Francis))
ISSN: 0958-5192

In the eyes of the beholder: the HRM capabilities of the HR function as perceived by managers and professionals

John, Sofia; Björkman, Ingmar
2015 in HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT JOURNAL (Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)
ISSN: 0954-5395

Dual values-based organizational identification in MNC subsidiaries: A multilevel study

Smale, Adam; Björkman, Ingmar; Ehrnrooth, Mats; John, Sofia; Mäkelä, Kristiina; Sumelius, Jennie
2015 in JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES (Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.)
ISSN: 0047-2506

The place of international human resource management in international business

Welch, Denice; Björkman, Ingmar
2015 in MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL REVIEW (SPRINGER HEIDELBERG)
ISSN: 0938-8249

From HRM practices to the practice of HRM: setting a research agenda

Björkman, Ingmar; Ehrnrooth, Mats; Mäkelä, Kristiina; Smale, Adam; Sumelius, Jennie
2014 in JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS (SPRINGER HEIDELBERG)
ISSN: 2051-6614

A retrospective on: MNC knowledge transfer, subsidiary absorptive capacity, and HRM

Minbaeva, Dana B.; Pedersen, Torben; Björkman, Ingmar; Fey, Carl F.
2014 in JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES (Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.)
ISSN: 0047-2506

What determines employee perceptions of HRM process features?The case of performance appraisal in MNC subsidiaries

Sumelius, Jennie; Björkman, Ingmar; Ehrnrooth, Mats; Mäkelä, Kristiina; Smale, Adam
2014 in HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (Wiley-Liss Inc.)
ISSN: 0090-4848

Talent or not?Employee reactions to talent identification

Björkman, Ingmar; Ehrnrooth, Mats; Mäkelä, Kristiina; Smale, Adam; Sumelius, Jennie
2013 in HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (Wiley-Liss Inc.)
ISSN: 0090-4848

Are you willing to do what it takes to become a senior global leader?Explaining the willingness to undertake challenging leadership development activities

Björkman, Ingmar; Mäkelä, Kristiina
2013 in EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT (INDERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS)
ISSN: 1751-6757

Explaining stakeholder evaluations of HRM capabilities in MNC subsidiaries

Mäkelä, Kristiina; Björkman, Ingmar; Ehrnrooth, Mats; Smale, Adam; Sumelius, Jennie
2013 in JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES (Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.)
ISSN: 0047-2506

Examining the differential use of global integration mechanisms across HRM practices: Evidence from China

Smale, Adam; Björkman, Ingmar; Sumelius, Jennie
2013 in Journal of World Business (Elsevier Inc.)
ISSN: 1090-9516

An integrative HRM process theorization: Beyond signalling effects and mutual gains

Ehrnrooth, Mats; Björkman, Ingmar
2012 in JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (Wiley-Blackwell)
ISSN: 0022-2380

HRM integration mechanism usage in MNC subsidiaries in China

Smale, Adam; Björkman, Ingmar; Sumelius, Jennie
2012 in PERSONNEL REVIEW (Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.)
ISSN: 0048-3486

Six principles of effective global talent management

Stahl, Gunter K.; Björkman, Ingmar; Farndale, Elaine; Morris, Shad S.; Paauwe, Jaap; Stiles, Philip; Trevor, Jonathan; Wright, Patrick
2012 in MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
ISSN: 1532-9194

The impact of organizational and national cultural differences on social conflict and knowledge transfer in international acquisitions

Vaara, Eero; Sarala, Riikka; Stahl, Gunter K.; Björkman, Ingmar
2012 in JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (Wiley-Blackwell)
ISSN: 0022-2380

The determinants of Line Management Internalisation of HRM Practices in MNC Subsidiaries

Björkman, Ingmar; Ehrnrooth, Mats; Smale, Adam; John, Sofia
2011 in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (Routledge (Taylor & Francis))
ISSN: 0958-5192

Global talent management Challenges and solutions

Björkman, Ingmar; Smale, Adam
2010 in UNIVERSIA BUSINESS REVIEW (Universia)
ISSN: 1698-5117

La gestión global del talent: Retos y Soluciones

Björkman, Ingmar; Smale, Adam
2010 in UNIVERSIA BUSINESS REVIEW (Universia)
ISSN: 1698-5117

How do MNCs establish their talent pools?Influences on individuals' likelihood of being labeled as talent

Mäkelä, Kristiina; Björkman, Ingmar; Ehrnrooth, Mats
2010 in Journal of World Business (Elsevier Inc.)
ISSN: 1090-9516

Opening up the black box of the relationship between HRM practices and firm performance A Comparison of MNE Subsidiaries in the USA, Finland, and Russia

Fey, C.; Morgoulis-Jakoushev, S.; Park, H.J.; Björkman, Ingmar
2009 in JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES (Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.)
ISSN: 0047-2506

MNC subsidiary staffing architecture: building human and social capital within the organisation

Mäkelä, Kristiina; Björkman, Ingmar; Ehrnrooth, Mats
2009 in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (Routledge (Taylor & Francis))
ISSN: 0958-5192

The strategic role of HR in MNC subsidiaries in China between 1999 and 2006

Sumelius, Jennie; Smale, Adam; Björkman, Ingmar
2009 in CHINESE MANAGEMENT STUDIES (Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.)
ISSN: 1750-614X

Changes in institutional context and MNC operations in China: Subsidiary HRM practices in 1996 versus 2006

Björkman, Ingmar; Smale, A.; Sumelius, Jennie; Suutari, V.; Lu, Y.
2008 in INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS REVIEW (Elsevier Science B.V.)
ISSN: 0969-5931

Human resource management in foreign-owned subsidiaries: China versus India

Björkman, Ingmar; Budhwar, Pawan; Smale, Adam; Sumelius, Jennie
2008 in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (Routledge (Taylor & Francis))
ISSN: 0958-5192

The influence of internal and external social networks on HRM capabilities in MNC subsidiaries in China

Sumelius, Jennie; Björkman, Ingmar; Smale, Adam
2008 in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (Routledge (Taylor & Francis))
ISSN: 0958-5192

Mobility of headquarters in multinational corporations

Barner-Rasmussen, Wilhelm; Piekkari, Rebecca; Björkman, Ingmar
2007 in EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT (INDERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS)
ISSN: 1751-6757

Language fluency, socialization and inter-unit relationships in Chinese and Finnish subsidiaries

Barner-Rasmussen, Wilhelm; Björkman, Ingmar
2007 in MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION REVIEW (Cambridge Univ Press)
ISSN: 1740-8776

When in Rome ...?Human resource management and the performance of foreign firms operating in India

Björkman, Ingmar; Budhwar, Pawan
2007 in EMPLOYEE RELATIONS (Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.)
ISSN: 0142-5455

Estimating the Research Impact of Finnish Business Studies Professors

Björkman, Ingmar; Björk, Bo-Christer
2007 in LIIKETALOUDELLINEN AIKAKAUSKIRJA (Liiketaloustieteellinen Yhdistys Ry)
ISSN: 0024-3469

Explaining MNC Subsidiary HRM Practices

Björkman, Ingmar; Fey, C.; Park, H.J.
2007 in JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES (Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.)
ISSN: 0047-2506

Transferring HR practices within multinational corporations

Björkman, Ingmar; Lervik, J-E.
2007 in HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT JOURNAL (Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)
ISSN: 0954-5395

Cultural Differences and Capability Transfer in Cross-Border Acquisitions: The Mediating Roles of Capability Complementarity, Absorptive Capacity, and Social Integration

Björkman, Ingmar; Stahl, G.; Vaara, Eero
2007 in JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES (Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.)
ISSN: 0047-2506

What difference does the location make? A Social Capital Perspective on Transfer of Knowledge from Multinational Corporation Subsidiaries Located in China and Finland

Li, Li; Barner-Rasmussen, Wilhelm; Björkman, Ingmar
2007 in ASIA PACIFIC BUSINESS REVIEW (Routledge (Taylor & Francis))
ISSN: 1360-2381

The HR function in large-scale mergers and acquisitions: the case study of Nordea

Björkman, Ingmar; Söderberg, Anne-Marie
2006 in PERSONNEL REVIEW (Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.)
ISSN: 0048-3486

High Commitment Work Systems in Chinese Organizations: A Preliminary Measure

Zhixing, Xiao; Björkman, Ingmar
2006 in MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION REVIEW (Cambridge Univ Press)
ISSN: 1740-8776

Managing subsidiary knowledge creation

Andersson, Ulf; Björkman, Ingmar; Forsgren, Mats
2005 in INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS REVIEW (Elsevier Science B.V.)
ISSN: 0969-5931

Managing knowledge transfer in MNCs: the impact of headquarters control mechanisms

Björkman, Ingmar; Barner-Rasmussen, W; Li, Li
2004 in JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES (Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.)
ISSN: 0047-2506

Global Capitalism Meets National Spirit: Discourses in Media Texts on a Cross-Border Acquisition

Tienari, J.; Vaara, E.; Björkman, I.
2003 in JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT INQUIRY (SAGE Publications Inc.)
ISSN: 1056-4926

Best Practice is West Practice?A Sensemaking Perspective on Knowledge Transfer in a Merging Organization

Vaara, E.; Tienari, J.; Björkman, I.
2003 in NORDISKE ORGANISASJONSSTUDIER (SAGE Publications Inc.)
ISSN: 1501-8237

Book section, Chapters in research books

Peter Hansen Building a World-Class Product Development Centre for Hi-Tech Systems in China

Björkman, Ingmar
2016
ISBN: 9781138950498

Guangdong electronics

Björkman, Ingmar; Zeng, Ming
2016
ISBN: 9781138950498

Leadership challenges and dilemmas in multinational corporations

Evans, Paul; Smale, Adam; Björkman, Ingmar; Pucik, Vladimir
2016
ISBN: 9781138905689

Managing Alliances and Joint Ventures

Pucik, Vladimir; Evans, Paul; Björkman, Ingmar
2016
ISBN: 9781138950498

Managing knowledge in multinational firms

Björkman, Ingmar; Evans, Paul; Pucik, Vladimir; Minbaeva, Dana
2014
ISBN: 978-1-4462-6730-1

Human resource management in cross-border mergers and acquisitions

Pucik, Vladimir; Björkman, Ingmar; Evans, Paul; Stahl, Günter K.
2014
ISBN: 978-1-4462-6730-1

IHRM issues in mergers and acquisitions

Teerikangas, Satu; Stahl, Günter K.; Björkman, Ingmar; Mendenhall, Mark E.
2014
ISBN: 978-0-415-63604-9

International human resource management research and institutional theory

Björkman, I.; Gooderham, P.
2012
ISBN: 9781849809184

Putting the challenges of international human resource management into perspective

Evans, Paul; Pucik, Vladimir; Björkman, Ingmar
2012
ISBN: 978-0-415-89296-4

Human resource management issues in international mergers and acquisitions

Pucik, Vladimir; Evans, Paul; Björkman, Ingmar
2012
ISBN: 78-0-415-89296-4

Managing knowledge in multinational firms

Björkman, Ingmar; Evans, Paul; Pucik, Vladimir
2011
ISBN: 978-1-84787-283-8

Leadership development in multinational firms

Evans, P.; Smale, A.; Björkman, I.; Pucik, V.
2011
ISBN: 0-415-55705-4

Human resource management in cross-border mergers and acquisitions

Pucik, Vladimir; Björkman, Ingmar; Evans, Paul; Stahl, Gunter K.
2011
ISBN: 978-1-84787-283-8

Finland: Implementing a Global Diversity Management Initiative in Finland Global Human Resource Management Casebook

Smale, Adam; Björkman, Ingmar
2011
ISBN: 978-0-415-89370-1 (hbk), 978-0-415-89371-8 (pbk)

The strategic role of HR in MNC subsidiaries in China between 1999 and 2006 Sustainable HRM in the global economy - Conference Proceedings of HRM Global 2008

Sumelius, Jennie; Smale, Adam; Björkman, Ingmar
2009

Drivers of Interpersonal and Inter-Unit Trust in Multinational Corporations New Perspectives in International Business Research

Mäkelä, Kristiina; Barner-Rasmussen, Wilhelm; Björkman, Ingmar
2008
ISBN: 978-1-84855-278-4
ISSN: 1745-8862

A learning perspective on sociocultural integration in cross-national mergers

Björkman, Ingmar; Tienari, Janne; Vaara, Eero
2005
ISBN: 0-8047-4661-3

Trapped in the past or making use of experience: On learning post-merger integration

Björkman, Ingmar; Vaara, Eero; Tienari, Janne
2003
ISBN: 87-630-0115-2

Best Practice is West Practice?A Sensemaking Perspective on Knowledge Transfer

Vaara, Eero; Tienari, Janne; Björkman, Ingmar
2003
ISBN: 87-630-0115-2

Performance appraisal of host country employees

Lindholm, N.; Tahvanainen, M.; Björkman, I.
1999
ISBN: 0-415-19490-3

Conference proceedings

Letting the chosen ones know The psychological effects of talent status self-awareness

Smale, Adam; Ehrnrooth, Mats; Björkman, Ingmar; Mäkelä, Kristiina; Sumelius, Jennie; Taimitarha, Susanna
2015 in Academy of Management. Best Papers Proceedings (Academy of Management)
ISSN: 0896-7911

A multi-level study on the organizational identification of MNC subsidiary employees

Smale, Adam; Björkman, Ingmar; Ehrnrooth, Mats; John, Sofia; Mäkelä, Kristiina; Sumelius, Jennie
2013

Influences on employee perceptions of performance appraisal process features in MNC subsidiaries

Sumelius, Jennie; Björkman, Ingmar; Ehrnrooth, Mats; Smale, Adam
2013

Towards explaining MNC subsidiary implementation, integration, and internalization of HRM practices

Ahlvik, Catarina Anita; Björkman, Ingmar
2012

In the eyes of the beholder: HR capabilities in MNC units as perceived by managers and professionals

John, Sofia; Björkman, Ingmar
2012

Serving many masters: Evaluation of HR capabilities within the MNC

Mäkelä, Kristiina; Björkman, Ingmar; Ehrnrooth, Mats; Smale, Adam; Sumelius, Jennie
2012

Organizational identification in MNE subsidiaries: a multi-level study

Smale, Adam; Björkman, Ingmar; Ehrnrooth, Mats; Mäkelä, Kristiina; Sumelius, Jennie
2012

Mobility of divisional headquarters: motives for repeated relocation of MNC divisional headquarters

Barner-Rasmussen, W.; Piekkari, R.; Björkman, I.
2004

Mobility of divisional headquarters: Motives for repeated relocation of MNC divisional headquarters

Barner-Rasmussen, W.; Piekkari, R.; Björkman, I.
2004

A Learning Perspective on Socio-Cultural Integration in a Multi-Organizational Cross-National Merger

Björkman, Ingmar; Tienari, Janne; Vaara, Eero
2002

Non-refereed scientific articles

Unrefereed journal articles

Talent Management – haaste ja mahdollisuus kehittyvillä markkinoilla

Björkman, Ingmar; Ehrnrooth, Mats; Mäkelä, Kristiina
2010 in Työn tuuli (Henkilöstöjohdon ryhmä - HENRY ry.)
ISSN: 1235-2035

Book section

Process research is back: a tribute to Jorma Larimo's contribution on FDI decision-making

Piekkari, Rebecca; Björkman, Ingmar
2014
ISBN: 978-952-476-543-5
ISSN: 0355-2667

Aalto-universitet: Tvärvetenskaplighet och samverkan

Björkman, Ingmar
2013

Personalledning i internationella organisationer: Aalto-universitets handelshögskola som exempel

Björkman, Ingmar
2013
ISSN: 0783-5876

Performance Management across Borders Handbook of International Human Resource Management

Björkman, Ingmar; Barner-Rasmussen, Wilhelm; Ehrnrooth, Mats; Mäkelä, Kristiina
2009
ISBN: 978-1-4051-6740-6

Emerging HRM systems of foreign firms operating in India The Changing Face of People Management in India

Budhwar, Pawan S.; Björkman, Ingmar; Singh, Virender
2009

International Human Resource Management International Encyclopedia of Organization Studies

Björkman, Ingmar
2007
ISBN: 9781412915151

The effect of human resource management practices on MNC subsidiary performance in Russia Human Resource Management in Russia

Fey, C.; Björkman, Ingmar
2007
ISBN: 978-0754648765

International human resource management research and institutional theory

Björkman, Ingmar
2006
ISBN: 978-1-84542-128-1

Case Nordea Markets Mergers and Acquisitions

Björkman, Ingmar; Vaara, Eero
2006
ISBN: 9780415364614

International human resource management research: an introduction to the field

Björkman, Ingmar; Stahl, Günter
2006
ISBN: 978-1-84542-128-1

Gender in international human reource management Handbook of Research on International Human Resource Management

Ståhl, Gunther; Björkman, Ingmar; Hearn, Jeff
2006
ISBN: 978 1 84542 128 1

Scientific books (monographs)

Book (editor)

Handbook of research in international human resource management

Stahl, Gunter K.; Björkman, Ingmar; Morris, Shad
2012
ISBN: 9781849809184

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