Gregory Hammer

PRACTICE AREAS

Anesthesia/Anesthesiology

PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

• Medical Education: University of Illinois Emergency Medicine Residency (1982) IL
• Board Certification: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, American Board of Pediatrics (1990)
• Internship: Children's Hospital of Oakland (1983) CA
• Residency: Children's Hospital of Oakland (1985) CA
• Board Certification: Anesthesia, American Board of Anesthesiology (1989)
• Fellowship: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (1988) PA
• Board Certification: Pediatrics, American Board of Pediatrics (1987)
• Residency: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (1987) PA
• MD, U. of Illinois, Medicine (1982)
• BS, U. of Wisconsin, Biochemistry (1977)

HONORS & AWARDS

• Best Doctors in America, Best Doctors in America (1996-Present)
• Graduation with Honors, Phillips Academy (1973)
• Graduation with Honors, U. of Illinois College of Medicine (1982)
• Graduation with Honors, U. of Wisconsin (1977)

ADMINISTRATIVE APPOINTMENTS

Director, Pediatric Anesthesia Research, Department of Anesthesia (2005 - 2020)

PUBLICATIONS

Regional anesthesia for pediatric cardiac surgery Hammer, G. B. (1999). Regional anesthesia for pediatric cardiac surgery. JOURNAL OF CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR ANESTHESIA, 13(2), 210–213.

Tracheal intubation in a child with trismus pseudocamptodactyly (Hecht) syndrome Seavello, J., & Hammer, G. B. (1999). Tracheal intubation in a child with trismus pseudocamptodactyly (Hecht) syndrome. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ANESTHESIA, 11(3), 254–256.

Methods for single-lung ventilation in pediatric patients Hammer, G. B., Fitzmaurice, B. G., & Brodsky, J. B. (1999). Methods for single-lung ventilation in pediatric patients. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 89(6), 1426–1429.

A retrospective examination of regional plus general anesthesia in children undergoing open heart surgery Hammer, G. B., Ngo, K., & Macario, A. (2000). A retrospective examination of regional plus general anesthesia in children undergoing open heart surgery. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 90(5), 1020–1024.

Pediatric thoracic anesthesia Hammer, G. B. (2001). Pediatric thoracic anesthesia. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 92(6), 1449–1464.

Determination of the median effective concentration (EC50) of propofol during oesophagogastroduodenoscopy in children Hammer, G. B., Litalien, C., Wellis, V., & Drover, D. R. (2001). Determination of the median effective concentration (EC50) of propofol during oesophagogastroduodenoscopy in children. PAEDIATRIC ANAESTHESIA, 11(5), 549–553.

A technique for maintenance of airway access in infants with a difficult airway following tracheal extubation Hammer, G. B., Funck, N., Rosenthal, D. N., & Feinstein, J. A. (2001). A technique for maintenance of airway access in infants with a difficult airway following tracheal extubation. PAEDIATRIC ANAESTHESIA, 11(5), 622–625.

Anesthesia for outpatient repair of patent ductus arteriosus Uezono, S., Hammer, G. B., Wellis, V., Boltz, M. G., Pike, N. A., & Black, M. D. (2001). Anesthesia for outpatient repair of patent ductus arteriosus. JOURNAL OF CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR ANESTHESIA, 15(6), 750–752.

Pediatric thoracic anesthesia. Hammer, G. B. (2002). Pediatric thoracic anesthesia. Anesthesiology Clinics of North America, 20(1), 153–180.

Transesophageal echocardiography-guided transventricular balloon dilation of congenital critical aortic stenosis in the neonate and young infant Hussain, A., al Faraidi, Y., Abdulhamed, J., Bacha, E. A., Hammer, G. B., & Feinstein, J. B. (2002). Transesophageal echocardiography-guided transventricular balloon dilation of congenital critical aortic stenosis in the neonate and young infant. JOURNAL OF CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR ANESTHESIA, 16(6), 766–772.

Paradoxical vocal cord motion in a child presenting with cyanosis and respiratory failure. Falco, D. A., Hammer, G. B., Conrad, C., & Messner, A. H. (2002). Paradoxical vocal cord motion in a child presenting with cyanosis and respiratory failure. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine , 3(2), 185–186.

Anaesthetic management for the child with a mediastinal mass Hammer, G. B. (2004). Anaesthetic management for the child with a mediastinal mass. PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, 14(1), 95–97.

Single-lung ventilation in infants and children Hammer, G. B. (2004). Single-lung ventilation in infants and children. PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, 14(1), 98–102.

Determination of the pharmacodynamic interaction of propofol and remifentanil during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in children Drover, D. R., Litalien, C., Wellis, V., Shafer, S. L., & Hammer, G. B. (2004). Determination of the pharmacodynamic interaction of propofol and remifentanil during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in children. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 100(6), 1382–1386.

Postoperative analgesia after spinal blockade in infants and children undergoing cardiac surgery Hammer, G. B., Ramamoorthy, C., Cao, H., Williams, G. D., Boltz, M. G., Kamra, K., & Drover, D. R. (2005). Postoperative analgesia after spinal blockade in infants and children undergoing cardiac surgery. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 100(5), 1283–1288.

Prolonged infusion of dexmedetomidine for sedation following tracheal resection Hammer, G. B., Philip, B. M., Schroeder, A. R., Rosen, F. S., & Koltai, P. J. (2005). Prolonged infusion of dexmedetomidine for sedation following tracheal resection. PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, 15(7), 616–620.

A comparison of three methods for estimating appropriate tracheal tube depth in children Mariano, E. R., Ramamoorthy, C., Chu, L. F., Chen, M., & Hammer, G. B. (2005). A comparison of three methods for estimating appropriate tracheal tube depth in children. PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, 15(10), 846–851.

Pediatric thoracic anesthesia. Golianu, B., & Hammer, G. B. (2005). Pediatric thoracic anesthesia. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 18(1), 5–11.

Pain management for pediatric thoracic surgery. Golianu, B., & Hammer, G. B. (2005). Pain management for pediatric thoracic surgery. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 18(1), 13–21.

Modified and conventional ultrafiltration during pediatric cardiac surgery: Clinical outcomes compared Williams, G. D., Ramamoorthy, C., Chu, L., Hammer, G. B., Kamra, K., Boltz, M. G., … Reddy, V. M. (2006). Modified and conventional ultrafiltration during pediatric cardiac surgery: Clinical outcomes compared. JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY, 132(6), 1291–1298.

Opioid analgesia in neonates following cardiac surgery. Hammer, G. B., & Golianu, B. (2007). Opioid analgesia in neonates following cardiac surgery. Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 11(1), 47–58.

Use of recombinant activated factor VII in children Hammer, G. B., & Williams, G. D. (2007). Use of recombinant activated factor VII in children. PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, 17(12), 1123–1125.

The use of dexmedetomidine during laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and tracheal extubation following tracheal reconstruction Seybold, J. L., Ramamurthi, R. J., & Hammer, G. B. (2007). The use of dexmedetomidine during laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and tracheal extubation following tracheal reconstruction. PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, 17(12), 1212–1214.

Ketamine does not increase pulmonary vascular resistance in children with pulmonary hypertension undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia and spontaneous ventilation Williams, G. D., Philip, B. M., Chu, L. F., Boltz, M. G., Kamra, K., Terwey, H., … Ramamoorthy, C. (2007). Ketamine does not increase pulmonary vascular resistance in children with pulmonary hypertension undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia and spontaneous ventilation. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 105(6), 1578–1584.

The effects of dexmedetomidine on cardiac electrophysiology in children Hammer, G. B., Drover, D. R., Cao, H., Jackson, E., Williams, G. D., Ramamoorthy, C., … Dubin, A. M. (2008). The effects of dexmedetomidine on cardiac electrophysiology in children. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 106(1), 79–83.

Dexmedetomidine should not be used for infants and children during cardiac surgery Hammer, G. B. (2008). Dexmedetomidine should not be used for infants and children during cardiac surgery. JOURNAL OF CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR ANESTHESIA, 22(1), 152–154.

Sedation and Analgesia in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Following Laryngotracheal Reconstruction Hammer, G. B. (2008). Sedation and Analgesia in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Following Laryngotracheal Reconstruction. OTOLARYNGOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA, 41(5), 1023-?

Sedation and analgesia in the pediatric intensive care unit following laryngotracheal reconstruction Hammer, G. B. (2009). Sedation and analgesia in the pediatric intensive care unit following laryngotracheal reconstruction. PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, 19, 166–179.

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the hypotensive effect of remifentanil in infants undergoing cranioplasty Standing, J. F., Hammer, G. B., Sam, W. J., & Drover, D. R. (2010). Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the hypotensive effect of remifentanil in infants undergoing cranioplasty. PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, 20(1), 7–18.

Dexmedetomidine: pediatric pharmacology, clinical uses and safety Su, F., & Hammer, G. B. (2011). Dexmedetomidine: pediatric pharmacology, clinical uses and safety. EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG SAFETY, 10(1), 55–66.

A sensitive assay for the quantification of morphine and its active metabolites in human plasma and dried blood spots using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Clavijo, C. F., Hoffman, K. L., Thomas, J. J., Carvalho, B., Chu, L. F., Drover, D. R., … Galinkin, J. L. (2011). A sensitive assay for the quantification of morphine and its active metabolites in human plasma and dried blood spots using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 400(3), 715–728.

Cardiomyopathy in childhood Williams, G. D., & Hammer, G. B. (2011). Cardiomyopathy in childhood. CURRENT OPINION IN ANESTHESIOLOGY, 24(3), 289–300.

Cardiomyopathy and heart failure in children: anesthetic implications Rosenthal, D. N., & Hammer, G. B. (2011). Cardiomyopathy and heart failure in children: anesthetic implications. PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, 21(5), 577–584.

The Pharmacokinetics of Ketorolac After Single Postoperative Intranasal Administration in Adolescent Patients Drover, D. R., Hammer, G. B., & Anderson, B. J. (2012). The Pharmacokinetics of Ketorolac After Single Postoperative Intranasal Administration in Adolescent Patients. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA, 114(6), 1270–1276.

Thrombotic endotracheal tube occlusion after administration of recombinant factor VIIa. Benkwitz, C., & Hammer, G. B. (2013). Thrombotic endotracheal tube occlusion after administration of recombinant factor VIIa. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 27(6), 1330–1333.

The effects of ketamine on dexmedetomidine-induced electrophysiologic changes in children. Char, D., Drover, D. R., Motonaga, K. S., Gupta, S., Miyake, C. Y., Dubin, A. M., & Hammer, G. B. (2013). The effects of ketamine on dexmedetomidine-induced electrophysiologic changes in children. Paediatric Anaesthesia, 23(10), 898–905.

Ultra-high dose trimethaphan in an infant with severe hypertension Hammer, G. B. (1996). Ultra-high dose trimethaphan in an infant with severe hypertension. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY, 34(2), 227–229.

Single-lung ventilation in pediatric patients Hammer, G. B., MANOS, S. J., Smith, B. M., Skarsgard, E. D., & Brodsky, J. B. (1996). Single-lung ventilation in pediatric patients. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 84(6), 1503–1506.

Continuous venovenous hemofiltration with dialysis in combination with total hepatectomy and portocaval shunting - Bridge to liver transplantation Hammer, G. B., So, S. K. S., ALUZRI, A., Conley, S. B., Concepcion, W., Cox, K. L., … Esquivel, C. O. (1996). Continuous venovenous hemofiltration with dialysis in combination with total hepatectomy and portocaval shunting - Bridge to liver transplantation. TRANSPLANTATION, 62(1), 130–132.

Perioperative care of the neurosurgical pediatric patient Hammer, G. B., & Krane, E. J. (1996). Perioperative care of the neurosurgical pediatric patient. INTERNATIONAL ANESTHESIOLOGY CLINICS, 34(4), 55–71.

Mechanical ventilation for pediatric patients Hammer, G. B., & Frankel, L. R. (1997). Mechanical ventilation for pediatric patients. INTERNATIONAL ANESTHESIOLOGY CLINICS, 35(1), 139–167.

Use of an augmented urinary bladder can be catastrophic in renal transplantation Alfrey, E. J., Conley, S. B., Tanney, D. C., Mak, R., Scandling, J. D., Dafoe, D. C., … Salvatierra, O. (1997). Use of an augmented urinary bladder can be catastrophic in renal transplantation. TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS, 29(1-2), 154–155.

Bladder augmentation can be problematic with renal failure and transplantation Alfrey, E. J., Salvatierra, O., Tanney, D. C., Mak, R., Scandling, J. D., Dafoe, D. C., … Conley, S. B. (1997). Bladder augmentation can be problematic with renal failure and transplantation. PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY, 11(6), 672–675.

The Univent tube for single-lung ventilation in paediatric patients Hammer, G. B., Brodsky, J. B., Redpath, J. H., & Cannon, W. B. (1998). The Univent tube for single-lung ventilation in paediatric patients. PAEDIATRIC ANAESTHESIA, 8(1), 55–57. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease may present with severe airway obstruction Hammer, G. B., Cao, S., Boltz, M. G., & Messner, A. (1998). Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease may present with severe airway obstruction. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 89(1), 263–265.

Total intravenous anesthesia in infants and children. Total intravenous anesthesia in infants and children. (2007). Clin Ped Anesth, 13. Sevoflurane and emergence delirium Sevoflurane and emergence delirium. (2007). Clin Ped Anesth, 13.

Airway responses to desflurane during maintenance of anesthesia and recovery in children with laryngeal mask airways. Airway responses to desflurane during maintenance of anesthesia and recovery in children with laryngeal mask airways. (2010). Pediatr Anesth, 20.

A sensitive assay for the quantification of morphine and its active metabolites in human plasma and dried blood spots using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry A sensitive assay for the quantification of morphine and its active metabolites in human plasma and dried blood spots using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. (2011). Anal Bioanal Chem., 400.

Safety and Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Intravenous Acetaminophen in Neonates, Infants, Children and Adolescents with Pain or Fever. Safety and Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Intravenous Acetaminophen in Neonates, Infants, Children and Adolescents with Pain or Fever. (2011). J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther., 16(4).

Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the hypotensive effect of remifentanil in infants undergoing cranioplasty. Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the hypotensive effect of remifentanil in infants undergoing cranioplasty. (2010). Pediatr Anesth, 20.

Spinal vs. epidural anesthesia and analgesia in children undergoing open heart surgery Hammer, G. B., Ngo, K., Macario, A., Boltz, M. G., & Hill, L. (1999). Spinal vs. epidural anesthesia and analgesia in children undergoing open heart surgery. ANESTHESIOLOGY, 91(3A), U497–U497.

Airway responses to desflurane during maintenance of anesthesia and recovery in children with laryngeal mask airways Lerman, J., Hammer, G. B., Verghese, S., Ehlers, M., Khalil, S. N., Betts, E., … Deutsch, J. (2010). Airway responses to desflurane during maintenance of anesthesia and recovery in children with laryngeal mask airways. PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, 20(6), 495–505.

Lung isolation in a child with unilateral necrotizing Clostridium perfringens pneumonia Brady, K. M., Harris, Z. L., Hammer, G. B., Berkowitz, I. D., & Easley, R. B. (2005). Lung isolation in a child with unilateral necrotizing Clostridium perfringens pneumonia. CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, 33(11), 2676–2680.

Pro: Regional anesthesia is an important component of the anesthetic technique for pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures Rosen, D. A., Rosen, K. R., & Hammer, G. B. (2002). Pro: Regional anesthesia is an important component of the anesthetic technique for pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures. JOURNAL OF CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR ANESTHESIA, 16(3), 374–378.

Reply to Breschan et al, re 'central venus catheter placement in children'. Kamra, K., & Hammer, G. (2014). Reply to Breschan et al, re 'central venus catheter placement in children'. Paediatric Anaesthesia, 24(3), 345-? Anesthesia and the Developing Brain: Relevance to the Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Wise-Faberowski, L. (2013). Anesthesia and the Developing Brain: Relevance to the Pediatric Cardiac Surgery. Brain Sci, 4(2).

Predictors of arterial blood pressure control during deliberate hypotension with sodium nitroprusside in children. Spielberg, D. R., Barrett, J. S., Hammer, G. B., Drover, D. R., Reece, T., Cohane, C. A., & Schulman, S. R. (2014). Predictors of arterial blood pressure control during deliberate hypotension with sodium nitroprusside in children. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 119(4), 867–874.

Small-Volume Injections: Evaluation of Volume Administration Deviation From Intended Injection Volumes. Muffly, M. K., Chen, M. I., Claure, R. E., Drover, D. R., Efron, B., Fitch, W. L., & Hammer, G. B. (2017). Small-Volume Injections: Evaluation of Volume Administration Deviation From Intended Injection Volumes. Anesthesia and Analgesia.