Carlos Estrada

Carlos R. Estrada, Jr., MD, MBA, is the Urologist-in-Chief at Boston Children’s Hospital, co-director of Boston Children's Spina Bifida and Spinal Cord Conditions Center, co-director of the Urodynamics and Neurourology Program, and co-director of the Center for Gender Surgery. Dr. Estrada completed his fellowship at Boston Children's and joined the faculty here in 2006. His research interests include tissue engineering and neurogenic bladder dysfunction. He is an Associate Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School.

Specialties

• Bedwetting (Nocturnal Enuresis)
• Circumcision
• Duplex Collecting System
• Enuresis (Urinary Incontinence)
• Hydronephrosis
• Hydrocele
• Hypospadias
• Inguinal Hernia
• Megaureter
• Minimally Invasive Surgery
• Posterior Urethral Valves
• Spina Bifida
• Spinal Cord Injury
• Undescended Testes
• Ureterocele
• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
• Varicocele
• Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)

EDUCATION

Undergraduate Degree

• College of the Holy Cross , 1994 , Worcester , MA

Graduate Degree

• MIT Sloan School of Management , 2017 , Cambridge , MA

Medical School

• Wright State University School of Medicine , 1998 , Dayton , OH

Internship

Surgery Rush University Medical Center , 1999 , Chicago , IL

Residency

Urology Rush University Medical Center , 2002 , Chicago , IL

Residency

Chief Urology Resident Rush University Medical Center , 2003 , Chicago , IL

Pediatric Urology Boston Children's Hospital , 2006 , Boston , MA

PUBLICATIONS

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• It Takes a Village: Equipping Children with Spina Bifida for an Independent Life. J Urol. 2022 01; 207(1):14-15.
• The role of androgens in clitorophallus development and possible applications to transgender patients. Andrology. 2021 11; 9(6):1719-1728.
• Selecting Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux Who are Most Likely to Benefit from Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Application of Machine Learning to RIVUR. J Urol. 2021 04; 205(4):1170-1179.
• Pattern recognition algorithm to identify detrusor overactivity on urodynamics. Neurourol Urodyn. 2021 01; 40(1):428-434.
• Experience with implementation of a nurse practitioner-led newborn circumcision clinic. J Pediatr Urol. 2020 Oct; 16(5):651.e1-651.e7.
• "Ramping up telemedicine in pediatric urology- Tips for using a new modality". J Pediatr Urol. 2020 06; 16(3):288-289.
• Anxiety, distress, and pain in pediatric urodynamics. Neurourol Urodyn. 2020 04; 39(4):1178-1184.
• Telemedicine for Pediatric Urological Postoperative Care is Safe, Convenient and Economical. J Urol. 2020 07; 204(1):144-148.
• The Use of Telemedicine for the Postoperative Urological Care of Children: Results of a Pilot Program. J Urol. 2019 07; 202(1):159-163.
• Targeted Workup after Initial Febrile Urinary Tract Infection: Using a Novel Machine Learning Model to Identify Children Most Likely to Benefit from Voiding Cystourethrogram. J Urol. 2019 07; 202(1):144-152.
• Augmentation Cystoplasty of Diseased Porcine Bladders with Bi-Layer Silk Fibroin Grafts. Tissue Eng Part A. 2019 06; 25(11-12):855-866.
• Repair of injured urethras with silk fibroin scaffolds in a rabbit model of onlay urethroplasty. J Surg Res. 2018 09; 229:192-199.
• Variability in Care-What Would Business People Think? J Urol. 2018 01; 199(1):40-42.
• Advances in paediatric urology. Lancet. 2017 Sep 09; 390(10099):1061-1071.
• Bilayer silk fibroin grafts support functional oesophageal repair in a rodent model of caustic injury. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2018 02; 12(2):e1068-e1075.
• Bi-layer silk fibroin grafts support functional tissue regeneration in a porcine model of onlay esophagoplasty. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2018 02; 12(2):e894-e904.
• Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal hypospadias: Accuracy and outcomes. J Pediatr Urol. 2017 Oct; 13(5):484.e1-484.e4.
• Robotic-assisted laparoscopic bladder augmentation in the pediatric patient. J Pediatr Urol. 2016 Oct; 12(5):313.e1-313.e2.
• Silk Fibroin Scaffolds for Urologic Tissue Engineering. Curr Urol Rep. 2016 Feb; 17(2):16.
• CT cystography for evaluation of bladder perforation--be safe and know the limitations--reply to Dr. Karmazyn. Pediatr Radiol. 2016 Apr; 46(4):580.
• Inosine Improves Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity following Spinal Cord Injury. PLoS One. 2015; 10(11):e0141492.
• The role of imaging in pediatric bladder augmentation. Pediatr Radiol. 2015 Sep; 45(10):1440-7.
• Acellular bi-layer silk fibroin scaffolds support functional tissue regeneration in a rat model of onlay esophagoplasty. Biomaterials. 2015 Jun; 53:149-59.
• The effect of spinal cord level on sexual function in the spina bifida population. J Pediatr Urol. 2015 Jun; 11(3):142.e1-6.
• CEVL training for coronal/distal shaft hypospadias repair: a guide for attendings, residents, and OR staff. J Pediatr Urol. 2015 Feb 11(1):3-4.
• In vitro evaluation of bi-layer silk fibroin scaffolds for gastrointestinal tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng. 2014; 5:2041731414556849.
• The use of bi-layer silk fibroin scaffolds and small intestinal submucosa matrices to support bladder tissue regeneration in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Biomaterials. 2014 Aug; 35(26):7452-9.
• Evaluation of a mobile voiding diary for pediatric patients with voiding dysfunction: a prospective comparative study. J Urol. 2014 Sep; 192(3):908-13.
• Acellular bi-layer silk fibroin scaffolds support tissue regeneration in a rabbit model of onlay urethroplasty. PLoS One. 2014; 9(3):e91592.
• Multi-planar dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound assessment of blood flow in a rabbit model of testicular torsion. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2014 Feb; 40(2):361-70.
• Bladder tissue regeneration using acellular bi-layer silk scaffolds in a large animal model of augmentation cystoplasty. Biomaterials. 2013 Nov; 34(34):8681-9.
• The performance of silk scaffolds in a rat model of augmentation cystoplasty. Biomaterials. 2013 Jul; 34(20):4758-65.
• Evaluation of silk biomaterials in combination with extracellular matrix coatings for bladder tissue engineering with primary and pluripotent cells. PLoS One. 2013; 8(2):e56237.
• In utero closure of myelomeningocele does not improve lower urinary tract function. J Urol. 2012 Oct; 188(4 Suppl):1567-71.
• Evaluation of biomaterials for bladder augmentation using cystometric analyses in various rodent models. J Vis Exp. 2012 Aug 09; (66).
• Urodynamic findings in patients with Currarino syndrome. J Urol. 2012 Jun; 187(6):2195-200.
• Screening for malignancy after augmentation cystoplasty in children with spina bifida: a decision analysis. J Urol. 2011 Oct; 186(4):1437-43.
• Contemporary use of nephron-sparing surgery for children with malignant renal tumors at freestanding children's hospitals. Urology. 2011 Aug; 78(2):422-6.
• The effect of manipulation of silk scaffold fabrication parameters on matrix performance in a murine model of bladder augmentation. Biomaterials. 2011 Oct; 32(30):7562-70.
• CD8a? dendritic cells improve collagen-induced arthritis in CC chemokine receptor (CCR)-2 deficient mice. Immunobiology. 2011 Sep; 216(9):971-8.
• Intermittent ureterovesical junction obstruction in children. J Pediatr Urol. 2011 Oct; 7(5):579-81.
• Evaluation of gel spun silk-based biomaterials in a murine model of bladder augmentation. Biomaterials. 2011 Jan; 32(3):808-18.
• Clinical prediction rule for stratifying risk of pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. PLoS One. 2010 Aug 11; 5(8):e12082.
• All-trans retinoic acid directs urothelial specification of murine embryonic stem cells via GATA4/6 signaling mechanisms. PLoS One. 2010 Jul 13; 5(7):e11513.
• Editorial comment. J Urol. 2010 Jul; 184(1):314.
• Editorial comment. J Urol. 2010 Apr; 183(4):1531-2; discussion 1532.
• Stem cells: a review and implications for urology. Urology. 2010 Mar; 75(3):664-70.
• Biofeedback training for lower urinary tract symptoms: factors affecting efficacy. J Urol. 2009 Oct; 182(4 Suppl):2050-5.
• Editorial comment. J Urol. 2009 Oct; 182(4 Suppl):1692-3; discussion 1693.
• Ultrasound versus computerized tomography for evaluating urolithiasis. J Urol. 2009 Oct; 182(4 Suppl):1829-34.
• Nomograms for predicting annual resolution rate of primary vesicoureteral reflux: results from 2,462 children. J Urol. 2009 Oct; 182(4):1535-41.
• Core Principles of Perioperative Management in Children. Campbell-Walsh Urology, Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Partin AW, Peters CA, Editors. 2009.
• Caliceal diverticula in children: natural history and management. J Urol. 2009 Mar; 181(3):1306-11; discussion 1311.
• Vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract infection in children with a history of prenatal hydronephrosis--should voiding cystourethrography be performed in cases of postnatally persistent grade II hydronephrosis? J Urol. 2009 Feb; 181(2):801-6; discussion 806-7.
• Prenatal hydronephrosis: early evaluation. Curr Opin Urol. 2008 Jul; 18(4):401-3.
• Open Surgical Management of Uretropelvic Junction Obstruction. Textbook of Reconstructive Urologic Surgery, Montague DK, Gill IS, Angermeier KW, Ross JH, Editors. 2008; 143-150.
• Supravesical Diversion for Bladder Outlet Obstruction. Dialogues in Pediatric Urology. 2008; 29(4).
• Robot-assisted laparoscopic ileal bladder augmentation: defining techniques and potential pitfalls. J Endourol. 2008 Feb; 22(2):355-60.
• Traumatic Hematuria. Common Surgical Diseases: An Algorithmic Approach to Problem Solving, 2nd Edition. Myers J, Millikan KW, Saclarides TJ, Editors. 2008.